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Warning Signs of Infection

• Persistent fever (higher than 100°)
• Shaking chills
• Increasing redness, tenderness or swelling of your wound
• Drainage from your wound
• Increasing pain with both activity and rest

Warning Signs of a Blood Clot

• Pain in your leg or calf unrelated to your incision
• Tenderness or redness above or below your knee
• Severe swelling of your thigh, calf, ankle, or foot that does not resolve with elevation of the leg.

In very rare cases, a blood clot may travel to your lungs and become life-threatening. Signs that a blood clot has traveled to your lungs include:

• Shortness of breath
• Sudden onset of chest pain
• Localized chest pain with coughing

You should tell your doctor immediately if you develop any of the above signs.

Preparing Your Home

The following tips can help make your return home more comfortable, and can be addressed before your surgery:

• If possible, rearrange furniture so you can maneuver with a cane, walker, or crutches. If you have stairs in your home, you may temporarily change rooms (make the living room your bedroom, for example) to minimize the use of stairs.
• Place items you use frequently (phone, laptop, or tablet and charger; remote control; glasses; pitcher and glass; reading material; and medications, for example) within easy reach so you do not have to reach up or bend down.

Prepare a "recovery center" by placing items that you use frequently within easy reach.

• Remove any throw rugs or area rugs that could cause you to slip. Securely fasten electrical cords around the perimeter of the room.
• If possible, get a good chair — one that is firm and has a higher-than-average seat. This type of chair is safer and more comfortable than a low, soft-cushioned chair.
• If possible, install a shower chair, gripping bar, and raised toilet seat in the bathroom.
• Use assistive devices such as a long-handled shoehorn, a long-handled sponge, and a grabbing tool or reacher to avoid bending over too far.

Wound Care

During your recovery at home, follow these guidelines to take care of your wound and help prevent infection:

• Keep the wound area clean and dry. The most common types of dressings being used today are applied sterilely in the operating room and are not removed for 7 to 10 days. Make sure you or your family member/caregiver ask for instructions on how to manage your dressing.
• Most dressings are now waterproof and can be worn in the shower, but you should follow your doctor's instructions on how long to wait before you shower or bathe.
• Notify your doctor immediately if the wound appears red or begins to drain. This could be a sign of infection.

Swelling

Expect moderate to severe swelling in the first few weeks after surgery. You may also have mild to moderate swelling for 3 to 6 months after surgery. To reduce swelling, elevate your leg slightly and apply ice. Wearing compression stockings may also help reduce swelling. Notify your doctor if you experience new or severe swelling, since this may be the warning sign of a blood clot.

Medication

Take all medications as directed by your doctor. Home medications may include opioid and non-opioid pain pills, oral or injectable blood thinners, stool softeners, and anti-nausea medications.

Be sure to talk with your doctor about all your medications — even over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and vitamins. Your doctor will tell you which over-the-counter medicines are safe to take while using prescription pain medication.

It is especially important to prevent any bacterial infections from developing in your artificial joint.  Some patients with special circumstances may be required to take antibiotics prior to dental work to help prevent infection.  Ask your doctor if you should take antibiotics before dental work. You may also wish to carry a medical alert card so that, if an emergency arises, medical personnel will know you have an artificial joint.

Diet

• By the time you go home after surgery, you should be eating a normal diet.
• Your doctor may recommend that you take iron and vitamin supplements. You also may be advised to avoid supplements that include vitamin K and foods rich in vitamin K if you are taking the blood thinner medication warfarin (Coumadin). Foods rich in vitamin K include broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, liver, green beans, garbanzo beans, lentils, soybeans, soybean oil, spinach, kale, lettuce, turnip greens, cabbage, and onions.
• Continue to drink plenty of fluids and avoid alcohol.
• Continue to watch your weight to avoid putting more stress on the joint.

Weightbearing

Follow your doctor's specific instructions about the use of a cane, walker, or crutches and when you can put weight on the leg. Full weightbearing may be allowed immediately or may be delayed by several weeks depending on the type of hip replacement you have undergone and your doctor's instructions.

Driving

In most cases, it is safe to resume driving when you are no longer taking opioid pain medication, and when your strength and reflexes have returned to a more normal state. Your doctor will help you determine when it is safe to resume driving.

Sexual Activity

Please consult your doctor about how soon you can safely resume sexual activity. Depending on your condition, you may be able to resume sexual activity within several weeks after surgery.

Sleeping Positions

Depending on your surgery, your doctor may ask you to avoid certain sleeping positions or to sleep with a pillow between your legs for a length of time. Ask your doctor which sleeping positions are safest and most appropriate for you.

Return to Work

Depending on the types of activities you do on the job and the speed of your recovery, it may take from several days to several weeks before you are able to return to work. Your doctor will advise you when it is safe to resume your normal work activities.

Sports and Exercise

Continue to do the exercises prescribed by your physical therapist for at least 2 months after surgery. In some cases, your doctor may recommend riding a stationary bicycle to help maintain muscle tone and keep your hip flexible. This can typically be done at physical therapy. 

As soon as your doctor gives you the go-ahead, you can return to many of the sports activities you enjoyed before your hip replacement:

• Walk as much as you would like, but remember that walking is not a substitute for the exercises prescribed by your doctor and physical therapist.
• Swimming is an excellent low-impact activity after a total hip replacement; you can begin swimming as soon as the wound is sufficiently healed. Your doctor will let you know when you can begin. 
• In general, lower impact fitness activities such as golfing, bicycling, and doubles tennis put less stress on your hip joint and are preferable to high-impact activities such as singles tennis, jogging, racquetball, basketball, and skiing.

Air Travel

Pressure changes and immobility may cause your operated leg to swell, especially if it is just healing. Ask your doctor before you travel on an airplane. When going through security, be aware that the sensitivity of metal detectors varies, and your artificial joint may cause an alarm. Tell the screener about your artificial joint before going through the metal detector. 

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scans

Tell your doctor that you have a hip implant before you undergo an MRI scan. Artificial joints contain a lot of metal, which can cause MRI scans to appear blurry, making it harder to see damage in the area around the implant.

Some newer MRI machines have software, called metal artifact reduction sequences, or MARS, that reduces the blurring of the images. MARS may be used in certain patients to help to diagnose certain conditions. It does not take longer to perform this scan, and there is no additional risk for the patient.

The Don'ts

• Don't cross your legs at the knees for at least 6 to 8 weeks.
• Don't bring your knee up higher than your hip.
• Don't lean forward while sitting or as you sit down.
• Don't try to pick up something on the floor while you are sitting.
• Don't turn your feet excessively inward or outward when you bend down.
• Don't reach down to pull up blankets when lying in bed.
• Don't bend at the waist beyond 90°.

The Dos

• Do keep the leg facing forward.
• Do keep the affected leg in front as you sit or stand.
• If you have been given posterior hip precautions after surgery, do use a high chair or barstool in the kitchen to help prevent bending your hip more than 90°.
• Do kneel on the knee on the operated leg (the bad side).
• Do use ice to reduce pain and swelling, but remember that ice will diminish sensation. Don't apply ice directly to the skin; use an ice pack or wrap it in a damp towel.
• Do apply heat before exercising to assist with range of motion. Use a heating pad or hot, damp towel for 15 to 20 minutes.
• Do cut back on your prescribed exercises if your muscles begin to ache, but don't stop doing the exercises.